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Table 4
Comparison of simulation results of aerodynamic characteristics of the model.
| Tire model | State | Speed /m · s‒1 | Drag coefficient (CD) | Deviation Δ% | Lift coefficient (CL) | Deviation Δ% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPT model in this paper | Static | 14.00 | 0.895 | – | 0.595 | – |
| 22.22 | 0.901 | 0.610 | ||||
| Rotating | 14.00 | 0.783 | – | 0.501 | – | |
| 22.22 | 0.794 | 0.514 | ||||
| NPT model (Heo [21]) | Static | 14.00 | 0.868 | 3.11 | 0.618 | –3.72 |
| Rotating | 14.00 | 0.774 | 1.16 | 0.513 | –2.34 | |
| Pneumatic tire model (Axon [12]) | Static | 18.60 | 0.707 | 26.59 | 0.630 | –5.56 |
| Rotating | 18.60 | 0.602 | 30.07 | 0.476 | 5.25 | |
| Spokeless tire model | Rotating | 22.22 | 0.610 | 30.16 | 0.477 | 7.75 |
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