Table 1

Detailed breakdown of feature dimensions and model parameters by component.

Component/modality Extracted dim Time-freq used Unified dim Param dount (k)
Feature extraction
Time-domain features (current, displacement) 12 No
Time–frequency features (vibration, acoustic) 24 Yes
Statistical features (all modalities) 24 No
Graph neural network (GCN)
Input layer (30 → 64) 2.0
Hidden layer 1 (64 → 32) 2.1
Hidden layer 2 (32 → 16) 0.5
Graph embedding output 16 30.4 (Subtotal)
Fusion and Classification
Modality-specific FC layers (5×) 64 42 + 78 + 78 + 42 + 35 = 275
Channel attention FC layers 8→5 0.04
Spatial attention conv layer 32 0.1
Classifier FC layers (272→128→64→13) 35.0
Total model parameters 275

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