Open Access
Table 2
Measurement techniques and their field of application.
| Method | Heat flow regime | Temperature range | Uncertainty | Materials | Advantage | Disadvantage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guarded hot plate | Steady state | 80–800K | 2% | Insulation materials, plastics, glasses | High accuracy | Long measurement time, large specimen size, low conductivity materials |
| Cylinder | Steady state | 4–1000K | 2% | Metals | Temperature range, simultaneous determination of electrical conductivity and See beck-coefficient possible | Long measurement time |
| Heat flow meter | Steady state | −100–200 °C | 3–10% | Insulation materials, plastics, glasses, ceramics | Simple construction and operation | Measurement uncertainty, relative measurement |
| Comparative | Steady state | 20–1300 °C | 10–20% | Metals, ceramics, plastics, plastics | Simple construction and operation | Measurement uncertainty, relative measurement |
| Direct heating (Kohlrausch) | Steady state | 400–3000K | 2–10% | Metals | Simple and fast measurements, simultaneous determination of electrical conductivity | Only electrically conducting materials |
| Pipe method | Steady state | 20–2500 °C | 3–20% | Solids | Temperature range | Specimen preparation, long measurement time |
| Hot wire, hot strip | Transient | 20–2000 °C | 1–10% | Liquids, gases, low conductivity solids | Temperature range, fast, accuracy | Limited to low conductivity materials |
| Laser flash | Transient | −100–3000 °C | 3–5% | Solids, liquids | Temperature range, most solids, liquids and powders, small specimen, fast, accuracy at high temperatures | Expensive, not for insulation materials |
| Photo thermal photoacoustic | Transient | 30–1500K | Not sufficiently known | Solids, liquids, gases, thin films | Usable for thin films, liquids and gases | Nonstandard, knowledge about accuracy |
| 3ω method | Transient | 30–1000K | 10–15% | Solid | Rapid response and accuracy | Need of thin dielectric layer Temperature range depend on substrate material |
| Transient thermos reflectance | Transient | 30–1000K | 10% | Solid, liquid | Non-contact Rapid response Usable for both thin and bulk material | Expensive High uncertainty |
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