Table 3

Illumination variation test.

Lighting condition Model Precision Recall mAP50 mAP50-95
Normal lighting YOLOv8 + FFA + Gold-YOLO 0.90 0.85 0.88 0.50
Baseline model 0.82 0.75 0.80 0.45
Low light YOLOv8 + FFA + Gold-YOLO 0.88 0.83 0.85 0.48
Baseline model 0.79 0.72 0.76 0.43
Strong light YOLOv8 + FFA + Gold-YOLO 0.89 0.84 0.86 0.49
Baseline model 0.80 0.73 0.78 0.44

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