Numerical study of natural and mixed convection in a square cavity filled by a Cu–water nanofluid with circular heating and cooling cylinders

Open Access

Fig. 8

(a) The streamlines and (b) isotherms inside the cavity corresponding to different sizes of circular heating body, i.e., R = r/H = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 with case of pure fluid (dashed line) and Cu–water (solid line) nanofluid with ϕ = 0.05.

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