Open Access
Table 1
Parameters and material (GCr15) properties in simulations.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Young's modulus, E (MPa) | 2.1 × 105 |
| Poisson ratio, µ | 0.3 |
| Density, ρ (kg/m3) | 7810 |
| Specific heat capacity, c (J/(kg K)) | 460 |
| Thermal conductivity, k (W/(m K)) | 45 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient, α (K−1) | 12.5 × 10−6 |
| Initial temperature, T0 (K) | 200 ∼ 1000 |
| Friction coefficient, f | 0.01 ∼ 0.2 |
| Sliding velocity, V (mm/s) | 20 ∼ 1500 |
| Normal load, Fn (N) | 100 |
| Discrete element amount, M × N × L | 128 × 128 × 64 |
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