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Table 1

Optimal pipe bending, effective radius, and maximum heat flux in the pipe with different thicknesses.

Pipe thickness (mm) Optimal heat flux intensity (W/mm2) Optimal effective radius (mm) Bending (mm/m)
3 0.532 48 0.182
8.18 0.528 65 0.149
12.7 0.525 66 0.140

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